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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Colistine</span></h1>
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<td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;color:black;">Colistine
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;">
</td></tr>
<tr>


<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Colistine</td>
</tr><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Identification</th></tr>
<tr>

<th scope="row"><a href="Nomenclature_de_l'UICPA" title="Nomenclature de l'UICPA">Nom UICPA</a>
</th>
<td><small><i>N</i>-(4-amino-1-(1-(4-amino-1-oxo-1-(3,12,23-tris(2-aminoéthyl)- 20-(1-hydroxyéthyl)-6,9-diisobutyl-2,5,8,11,14,19,22-heptaoxo- 1,4,7,10,13,18-hexaazacyclotricosan-15-ylamino)butan-2-ylamino)- 3-hydroxybutan-2-ylamino)-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-<i>N</i>,5-diméthylheptanamide</small>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>


<th scope="row"><a href="Num%C3%A9ro_CAS" title="Numéro CAS">N<sup>o</sup> CAS</a>
</th>
<td><span class="reflink neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=1264-72-8&amp;language=fr&amp;title=Colistine">1264-72-8</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"> N<sup>o</sup> <a href="Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_des_produits_chimiques" title="Agence européenne des produits chimiques">ECHA</a>
</th>
<td><span class=""><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.012.644">100.012.644</a></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>


<th scope="row"><a href="Classification_ATC" title="Classification ATC">Code ATC</a>
</th>
<td><a href="Classe_ATC_A07" title="Classe ATC A07"><span title="ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM, ANTIDIARRHEALS, INTESTINAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY/ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS, INTESTINAL ANTIINFECTIVES, Antibiotics, colistin">A07</span></a><span class="reflink neverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=A07AA10">AA10</a></span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">DrugBank
</th>
<td><span class=""><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00803">DB00803</a></span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</th>
<td><span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5311054">5311054</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>



<th scope="row"><a href="Simplified_Molecular_Input_Line_Entry_System" title="Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System">SMILES</a>
</th>
<td><div class="NavFrame" title="[afficher]/[masquer]" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;">O=C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC1)[C@H](O)C)CCN)CCN)CC(C)C)CC(C)C)CCN)CCN)[C@H](O)C)CCN)CCCC(C)CC <br><span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/?smarts=O%3DC%28N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40H%5D1C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29NCC1%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29C%29CCN%29CCN%29CC%28C%29C%29CC%28C%29C%29CCN%29CCN%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29C%29CCN%29CCCC%28C%29CC">PubChem</a></span>, <span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title=Colistine&amp;model=O%3DC%28N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40H%5D1C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40H%5D%28C%28%3DO%29NCC1%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29C%29CCN%29CCN%29CC%28C%29C%29CC%28C%29C%29CCN%29CCN%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29C%29CCN%29CCCC%28C%29CC">vue 3D</a></span></div></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a>
</th>
<td><div class="NavFrame" title="[afficher]/[masquer]" style="border: none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display: none; text-align: left;"><b>InChI&nbsp;:</b> <span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title=Colistine&amp;model=InChI%3D1S%2FC52H98N16O13%2Fc1-9-29%286%2911-10-12-40%2871%2959-32%2813-19-53%2947%2876%2968-42%2831%288%2970%2952%2881%2964-35%2816-22-56%2944%2873%2963-37-18-24-58-51%2880%2941%2830%287%2969%29+67-48%2877%2936%2817-23-57%2961-43%2872%2933%2814-20-54%2962-49%2878%2938%2825-27%282%293%2966-50+%2879%2939%2826-28%284%295%2965-45%2874%2934%2815-21-55%2960-46%2837%2975%2Fh27-39%2C41-42%2C69-70H%2C%0A9-26%2C53-57H2%2C1-8H3%2C%28H%2C58%2C80%29%28H%2C59%2C71%29%28H%2C60%2C75%29%28H%2C61%2C72%29%28H%2C62%2C78%29%28H%2C63%2C73%29%28H%2C64%2C81%29%28H%2C65%2C74%29%28H%2C66%2C79%29%28H%2C67%2C77%29%28H%2C68%2C76%29%2Ft29%3F%2C30-%2C31-%2C32%2B%2C33%2B%2C34%2B%2C35%2B%2C36%2B%2C37%2B%2C38%2B%2C39-%2C41%2B%2C42%2B%2Fm1%2Fs1">vue 3D</a></span> <br>InChI=1S/C52H98N16O13/c1-9-29(6)11-10-12-40(71)59-32(13-19-53)47(76)68-42(31(8)70)52(81)64-35(16-22-56)44(73)63-37-18-24-58-51(80)41(30(7)69) 67-48(77)36(17-23-57)61-43(72)33(14-20-54)62-49(78)38(25-27(2)3)66-50 (79)39(26-28(4)5)65-45(74)34(15-21-55)60-46(37)75/h27-39,41-42,69-70H,
9-26,53-57H2,1-8H3,(H,58,80)(H,59,71)(H,60,75)(H,61,72)(H,62,78)(H,63,73)(H,64,81)(H,65,74)(H,66,79)(H,67,77)(H,68,76)/t29?,30-,31-,32+,33+,34+,35+,36+,37+,38+,39-,41+,42+/m1/s1 <br><b>InChIKey&nbsp;:</b> <br>YKQOSKADJPQZHB-QNPLFGSASA-N <br><b>Std. InChI&nbsp;:</b> <span class="reflink neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?title=Colistine&amp;model=InChI%3D1S%2FC52H98N16O13%2Fc1-9-29%286%2911-10-12-40%2871%2959-32%2813-19-53%2947%2876%2968-42%2831%288%2970%2952%2881%2964-35%2816-22-56%2944%2873%2963-37-18-24-58-51%2880%2941%2830%287%2969%2967-48%2877%2936%2817-23-57%2961-43%2872%2933%2814-20-54%2962-49%2878%2938%2825-27%282%293%2966-50%2879%2939%2826-28%284%295%2965-45%2874%2934%2815-21-55%2960-46%2837%2975%2Fh27-39%2C41-42%2C69-70H%2C9-26%2C53-57H2%2C1-8H3%2C%28H%2C58%2C80%29%28H%2C59%2C71%29%28H%2C60%2C75%29%28H%2C61%2C72%29%28H%2C62%2C78%29%28H%2C63%2C73%29%28H%2C64%2C81%29%28H%2C65%2C74%29%28H%2C66%2C79%29%28H%2C67%2C77%29%28H%2C68%2C76%29%2Ft29%3F%2C30-%2C31-%2C32%2B%2C33%2B%2C34%2B%2C35%2B%2C36%2B%2C37%2B%2C38%2B%2C39-%2C41%2B%2C42%2B%2Fm1%2Fs1">vue 3D</a></span> <br>InChI=1S/C52H98N16O13/c1-9-29(6)11-10-12-40(71)59-32(13-19-53)47(76)68-42(31(8)70)52(81)64-35(16-22-56)44(73)63-37-18-24-58-51(80)41(30(7)69)67-48(77)36(17-23-57)61-43(72)33(14-20-54)62-49(78)38(25-27(2)3)66-50(79)39(26-28(4)5)65-45(74)34(15-21-55)60-46(37)75/h27-39,41-42,69-70H,9-26,53-57H2,1-8H3,(H,58,80)(H,59,71)(H,60,75)(H,61,72)(H,62,78)(H,63,73)(H,64,81)(H,65,74)(H,66,79)(H,67,77)(H,68,76)/t29?,30-,31-,32+,33+,34+,35+,36+,37+,38+,39-,41+,42+/m1/s1 <br><b>Std. InChIKey&nbsp;:</b> <br>YKQOSKADJPQZHB-QNPLFGSASA-N</div></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>

<th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFDEAD; color:#000000">Propriétés chimiques</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Formule_chimique" title="Formule chimique">Formule</a>
</th>
<td><a href="Carbone" title="Carbone">C</a><sub>52</sub><a href="Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène">H</a><sub>98</sub><a href="Azote" title="Azote">N</a><sub>16</sub><a href="Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a><sub>13</sub>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="page_h"><a href="C52H98N16O13" class="mw-redirect" title="C52H98N16O13"><small>[Isomères]</small></a></span><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="Masse_molaire" title="Masse molaire">Masse molaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th>
<td>1&nbsp;155,433&nbsp;9&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,055&nbsp;6&nbsp;<a href="Gramme" title="Gramme">g</a>/<a href="Mole_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Mole (unité)">mol</a> <br><small>C&nbsp;54,05&nbsp;%, H&nbsp;8,55&nbsp;%, N&nbsp;19,4&nbsp;%, O&nbsp;18&nbsp;%, </small>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>





























































































<th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Données pharmacocinétiques</th></tr>
<tr>


<th scope="row">Liaison protéique
</th>
<td>50&nbsp;%
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="M%C3%A9tabolisme" title="Métabolisme">Métabolisme</a>
</th>
<td>rénal et extra-rénal
</td>
</tr>
<tr>




<th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Considérations thérapeutiques</th></tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Classe thérapeutique
</th>
<td>Antibiotique cyclopolypeptidique produit par <i>Bacillus colistinus</i> (<i>Aerobacillus colistinus</i>) isolé du sol.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Voie d’administration
</th>
<td>oral, IV, intrathécal, topique
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row"><a href="M%C3%A9dicaments_et_grossesse" title="Médicaments et grossesse">Grossesse</a>
</th>
<td>Strict respect des indications thérapeutiques
</td>
</tr>
<tr>


<th scope="row"><a href="Antidote" title="Antidote">Antidote</a>
</th>
<td>Aucun
</td>
</tr>
<tr>










<td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#FFDEAD;"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Unités du <a href="Syst%C3%A8me_international_d'unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">SI</a> et <a href="Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression"><abbr title="conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</abbr></a>, sauf indication contraire.</td>
</tr><tr>

</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>La <b>colistine</b> est un <a href="Antibiotique" title="Antibiotique">antibiotique</a> <a href="Peptide" title="Peptide">polypeptidique</a> de la famille des <a href="Polymyxine" title="Polymyxine">polymyxines</a>, du groupe des polymyxines E.
</p><p>Elle est produite par certaines souches de <i><a href="Bacillus_polymyxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacillus polymyxa">Bacillus polymyxa</a> var. colistinus</i>. La colistine est un antibiotique ancien découvert en <a href="1950" title="1950">1950</a> par des chercheurs japonais, mais qui a ensuite été de moins en moins utilisé dans l'espèce humaine du fait de sa <a href="N%C3%A9phrotoxicit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Néphrotoxicité">néphrotoxicité</a>, tout en continuant à avoir un usage <a href="V%C3%A9t%C3%A9rinaire" title="Vétérinaire">vétérinaire</a> et en restant chez l'humain un médicament de dernier recours face à des germes <a href="R%C3%A9sistance_aux_antibiotiques" title="Résistance aux antibiotiques">multirésistants aux antibiotiques</a> tels que <i><a href="Pseudomonas_aeruginosa" title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a></i>, <i><a href="Klebsiella_pneumoniae" title="Klebsiella pneumoniae">Klebsiella pneumoniae</a></i> et <a href="Acinetobacter" title="Acinetobacter">Acinetobacter</a>, notamment <i><a href="Acinetobacter_baumannii" title="Acinetobacter baumannii">Acinetobacter baumannii</a></i>.
</p><p>Elle est parfois commercialisée sous la forme de colistiméthate sodique et associée à la <a href="Bacitracine" title="Bacitracine">bacitracine</a> et à de l'<a href="Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a> dans des <a href="Collyre" title="Collyre">collyres</a>.
</p><p>Face à l'apparition d'<a href="Antibior%C3%A9sistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiorésistance">antibiorésistances</a>, notamment chez les <a href="Ent%C3%A9robact%C3%A9rie" class="mw-redirect" title="Entérobactérie">Entérobactéries</a> multi-résistantes possédant une <a href="New_Delhi_m%C3%A9tallo-b%C3%AAta-lactamase" title="New Delhi métallo-bêta-lactamase">New Delhi métallo-bêta-lactamase</a>, et à la suite de la découverte d'un nouveau mécanisme de résistance, l'<a href="Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_des_m%C3%A9dicaments" title="Agence européenne des médicaments">Agence européenne des médicaments</a> (EMA), assistée par l'<a href="Autorit%C3%A9_europ%C3%A9enne_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_des_aliments" title="Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments">Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments</a> (EFSA), a mis à jour en 2016 un avis scientifique sur l'utilisation de l’antibiotique colistine chez les animaux. Elle recommande de cesser tout usage vétérinaire de ce médicament, hormis pour traiter <span class="citation">«&nbsp;des états cliniques pour lesquels il n'existe pas d'autre traitement efficace&nbsp;»</span>. Cette nouvelle forme d'antibiorésistance est liée au gène <a href="MCR-1" title="MCR-1">MCR-1</a>] et elle est capable de se propager rapidement<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2></div>
<p>La molécule a été découverte en <a href="1950" title="1950">1950</a> par des chercheurs japonais<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, qui l'ont isolée de certaines souches de <i><a href="Bacillus_polymyxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacillus polymyxa">Bacillus polymyxa</a> var. colistinus</i>, qui la produisent naturellement.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mode_d'action"><span id="Mode_d.27action"></span>Mode d'action</h2></div>
<p>La colistine est <a href="Cation" title="Cation">polycationique</a> et à la fois hydrophile et lipophile. Ces sites polycationiques interagissent avec les groupes phosphates des <a href="Lipopolysaccharide" title="Lipopolysaccharide">lipopolysaccharides</a> de structure de la <a href="Membrane_bact%C3%A9rienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Membrane bactérienne">membrane bactérienne</a>, ce qui augmente la perméabilité membranaire et provoque la fuite du contenu intracellulaire, d'où la mort de la bactérie<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacocinétique"><span id="Pharmacocin.C3.A9tique"></span>Pharmacocinétique</h2></div>
<p>Le colistiméthate sodique n'est pas absorbé par le <a href="Tractus_gastro-intestinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tractus gastro-intestinal">tractus gastro-intestinal</a> après administration orale. Pour des infections systémiques, la colimycine doit donc être administrée par voie intraveineuse. Après une injection intraveineuse, 60 à 70&nbsp;% du colistiméthate sodique sont éliminés par le rein sous forme inchangée, le reste étant hydrolysé en colistine base et en dérivés sulfométhylés selon des mécanismes qui sont toujours mal connus<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>La colistine base est liée à 50&nbsp;% aux protéines. Elle ne diffuse pas dans le <a href="Liquide_c%C3%A9phalorachidien" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquide céphalorachidien">liquide céphalorachidien</a> et passe difficilement les barrières oculaires, synoviales, fœtoplacentaires et pleurales. Il n'existe pas d'élimination biliaire.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formes">Formes</h2></div>
<p>Il existe deux formes de colistine dans le commerce&nbsp;: le sulfate de colistine et le colistiméthate sodique (méthanesulfonate de colistine sodique, sulfométhate de colistine sodique).
</p>
<ul><li>Le sulfate de colistine est <a href="Cation" title="Cation">cationique</a> et le colistiméthate sodique est <a href="Anionique" class="mw-redirect" title="Anionique">anionique</a>.</li>
<li>Le sulfate de colistine est stable, mais le colistiméthate sodique est facilement hydrolysé en une variété de dérivés sulfométhylés (32 dérivés potentiels connus)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li>
<li>Le sulfate de colistine et le colistiméthate sodique sont éliminés de façon différente par l’organisme.</li>
<li>En ce qui concerne <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, le colistiméthate sodique est la <a href="Prodrogue" title="Prodrogue">prodrogue</a> inactive de la colistine. Les 2 composés ne sont pas interchangeables.</li></ul>
<p>Le colistiméthate sodique peut être utilisé pour traiter des infections à <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> chez des patients atteints de <a href="Mucoviscidose" title="Mucoviscidose">mucoviscidose</a> et récemment pour traiter des infections à Acinetobacter multirésistants, bien que des formes résistantes à la colistine aient été découvertes<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Towner_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Towner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Le sulfate de colistine peut être utilisé pour traiter des infections du tractus digestif ou supprimer la flore intestinale. Il est aussi utilisé sous forme de topique en crème, poudre et collyres.<br>Quelques études ont montré que la colistine était indiquée dans le traitement d'infection à <i><a href="Acinetobacter_baumannii" title="Acinetobacter baumannii">Acinetobacter baumannii</a></i> résistant à la <a href="Carbap%C3%A9n%C3%A8me" title="Carbapénème">carbapénème</a><sup id="cite_ref-Towner_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Towner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indications">Indications</h2></div>
<p>Les indications de la colistine sont<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dt>sous forme de comprimés</dt></dl>
<ul><li>diarrhée aiguë d'origine bactérienne,</li>
<li>décontamination intestinale sélective lors des <a href="Aplasie_m%C3%A9dullaire" title="Aplasie médullaire">aplasies médullaires</a>&nbsp;;</li></ul>
<dl><dt>en injection</dt></dl>
<ul><li>les infections à germes sensibles&nbsp;:
<ul><li>infections rénales,</li>
<li>infections urogénitales,</li>
<li>infections septicémiques,</li>
<li>infections méningées&nbsp;;</li></ul></li>
<li>en pansements locaux en dermatologie&nbsp;:
<ul><li>surinfections d'<a href="Ulc%C3%A8re_de_jambe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulcère de jambe">ulcères de jambe</a>,</li>
<li>surinfections des brûlures et des plaies superficielles&nbsp;;</li></ul></li></ul>
<dl><dt>en inhalation</dt></dl>
<ul><li>infections bactériennes chez les patients atteints de <a href="Mucoviscidose" title="Mucoviscidose">mucoviscidose</a>, notamment&nbsp;:
<ul><li>traitement précoce de la primo-colonisation à <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> en relais d'une cure d'antibiotiques administrés par voie intraveineuse,</li>
<li>traitement des infections pulmonaires chroniques dues à <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.</li></ul></li></ul>
<p>Le colistiméthate sodique a aussi été administré en injections <a href="Intrath%C3%A9cale" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrathécale">intrathécales</a> et <a href="Ventricule_c%C3%A9r%C3%A9bral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventricule cérébral">intraventriculaires</a> dans le cas de méningites dues à <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> et à <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Résistances"><span id="R.C3.A9sistances"></span>Résistances</h2></div>
<p>La <a href="R%C3%A9sistance_aux_antibiotiques" title="Résistance aux antibiotiques">résistance</a> à la colistine est rare, mais bien décrite<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<dl><dt>Espèces habituellement sensibles</dt></dl>
<ul><li>aérobies à <a href="Gram_n%C3%A9gatif" title="Gram négatif">Gram négatif</a>&nbsp;: <i><a href="Acinetobacter" title="Acinetobacter">Acinetobacter</a></i>, <i><a href="Citrobacter_freundii" title="Citrobacter freundii">Citrobacter freundii</a></i>, <i><a href="Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i>, <i><a href="Klebsiella" title="Klebsiella">Klebsiella</a></i>, <i><a href="Pseudomonas_aeruginosa" title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a></i>.</li></ul>
<dl><dt>Espèces inconstamment sensibles</dt></dl>
<ul><li>aérobies à Gram négatif&nbsp;: <i><a href="Enterobacter" title="Enterobacter">Enterobacter</a></i>, <i><a href="Stenotrophomonas_maltophilia" title="Stenotrophomonas maltophilia">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</a></i>.</li></ul>
<dl><dt>Espèces naturellement résistantes</dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<ul><li>aérobies à Gram négatif&nbsp;: <i><a href="Brucella" title="Brucella">Brucella</a></i>, <i><a href="Burkholderia_cepacia" title="Burkholderia cepacia">Burkholderia cepacia</a></i>, <i><a href="Burkholderia_pseudomallei" title="Burkholderia pseudomallei">Burkholderia pseudomallei</a></i>, <i><a href="Campylobacter" title="Campylobacter">Campylobacter</a></i>, <i>Chryseobacterium meningosepticum</i>, <i><a href="Legionella" title="Legionella">Legionella</a></i>, <i><a href="Moraxella_catarrhalis" title="Moraxella catarrhalis">Moraxella catarrhalis</a></i>, <i><a href="Morganella_morganii" title="Morganella morganii">Morganella morganii</a></i>, <i><a href="Neisseria_gonorrhoeae" title="Neisseria gonorrhoeae">Neisseria gonorrhoeae</a></i>, <i><a href="Neisseria_meningitidis" title="Neisseria meningitidis">Neisseria meningitidis</a></i>, <i><a href="Proteus_mirabilis" title="Proteus mirabilis">Proteus mirabilis</a></i>, <i><a href="Proteus_vulgaris" title="Proteus vulgaris">Proteus vulgaris</a></i>, <i><a href="Providencia_(genre)" title="Providencia (genre)">Providencia</a></i>, <i><a href="Serratia" title="Serratia">Serratia</a></i>, <i><a href="Vibrio_cholerae" title="Vibrio cholerae">Vibrio cholerae</a>&nbsp;;</i></li>
<li>aérobies à <a href="Gram_positif" title="Gram positif">Gram positif</a>&nbsp;;</li>
<li>anaérobies à Gram positif&nbsp;;</li>
<li>anaérobies à Gram négatif.</li></ul>
<p>Face à l'apparition d'antibiorésistances, comme chez les <a href="Ent%C3%A9robact%C3%A9rie" class="mw-redirect" title="Entérobactérie">Entérobactéries</a> multirésistantes possédant une <a href="New_Delhi_m%C3%A9tallo-b%C3%AAta-lactamase" title="New Delhi métallo-bêta-lactamase">New Delhi métallo-bêta-lactamase</a>, et à la suite de la découverte récente d'un nouveau mécanisme de résistance à la colistine dans les bactéries (ex&nbsp;: <i><a href="Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a></i> et <i><a href="Salmonella_enterica" title="Salmonella enterica">Salmonella enterica</a></i> dans des <a href="Aliment" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliment">aliments</a> et chez des animaux producteurs de <a href="Denr%C3%A9es_alimentaires" class="mw-redirect" title="Denrées alimentaires">denrées alimentaires</a>), l'<a href="Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_des_m%C3%A9dicaments" title="Agence européenne des médicaments">Agence européenne des médicaments</a> (EMA), assistée par l'<a href="Autorit%C3%A9_europ%C3%A9enne_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_des_aliments" title="Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments">Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments</a> (EFSA), a mis à jour<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en 2016 un avis scientifique datant de 2013 sur l'utilisation de l’antibiotique colistine chez les animaux. Elle recommande maintenant de cesser tout usage vétérinaire de ce médicament, hormis pour traiter des états cliniques pour lesquels il n'existe pas d'autre traitement efficace. Cette nouvelle forme d'antibiorésistance est liée au gène mcr-1 et elle est potentiellement capable de se propager rapidement<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effets_indésirables"><span id="Effets_ind.C3.A9sirables"></span>Effets indésirables</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="page_h"><a href="Insuffisance_r%C3%A9nale" class="mw-disambig" title="Insuffisance rénale">Insuffisance rénale</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Troubles neuropsychiques<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:
<ul><li><a href="Paresth%C3%A9sie" title="Paresthésie">paresthésies</a> péribuccales et des extrémités&nbsp;;</li>
<li><a href="S%C3%A9miologie_psychiatrique#Désorientation_temporo-spatiale" title="Sémiologie psychiatrique">désorientation temporospatiale</a>&nbsp;;</li>
<li><a href="Syndrome_confusionnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndrome confusionnel">syndrome confusionnel</a>.</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Allergie" title="Allergie">Allergie</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>
<div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Masse molaire calculée d’après <span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Atomic weights of the elements 2007</span></cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">www.chem.qmul.ac.uk</span></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="WangDorpShawBradley2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ruobing_WangLucy_van_DorpLiam_P._ShawPhelim_Bradley2018"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ruobing <span class="nom_auteur">Wang</span>, Lucy van <span class="nom_auteur">Dorp</span>, Liam P. <span class="nom_auteur">Shaw</span> et Phelim <span class="nom_auteur">Bradley</span>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Nature Communications</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;9, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-21" data-sort-value="2018-03-21">21 mars 2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03205-z">10.1038/s41467-018-03205-z</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03205-z">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-10" data-sort-value="2018-04-10">10 avril 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+global+distribution+and+spread+of+the+mobilized+colistin+resistance+gene+mcr-1&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.aulast=Wang&amp;rft.aufirst=Ruobing&amp;rft.au=Dorp%2C+Lucy+van&amp;rft.au=Shaw%2C+Liam+P.&amp;rft.au=Bradley%2C+Phelim&amp;rft.date=2018-03-21&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issn=2041-1723&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-018-03205-z&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="J,_Yagisawa_M2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kumazawa_J,_Yagisawa_M2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kumazawa J, Yagisawa M, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The history of antibiotics: the Japanese story</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Journal of infection and chemotherapy</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;8, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;2,‎ <time>2002</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">125-133</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12111564">12111564</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=12111564">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-html" title="Fichier au format Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)">[html]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-31" data-sort-value="2013-05-31">31 mai 2013</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+history+of+antibiotics%3A+the+Japanese+story&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+infection+and+chemotherapy&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.au=Kumazawa+J%2C+Yagisawa+M&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.pages=125-133&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12111564&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F%3Fterm%3D12111564&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ninell_P._Mortensen,_Jason_D._Fowlkes,_Claretta_J._Sullivan,_David_P._Allison,_Niels_B._Larsen,_Søren_Molin_and_Mitchel_J.2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Ninell P. Mortensen, Jason D. Fowlkes, Claretta J. Sullivan, David P. Allison, Niels B. Larsen, Søren Molin and Mitchel J.</span>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Effects of Colistin on Surface Ultrastructure and Nanomechanics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cells</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Langmuir</span></i>, Washington, DC, American Chemical Society, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;25, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;6,‎ <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">3728–3733</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0743-7463">0743-7463</a></span>, <span class=" noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1520-5827">1520-5827</a></span> et <span class=" noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0743-7463">0743-7463</a></span>, <a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19227989">19227989</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la803898g">10.1021/la803898g</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/la803898g">résumé</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Effects+of+Colistin+on+Surface+Ultrastructure+and+Nanomechanics+of+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+Cells&amp;rft.jtitle=Langmuir&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.aulast=Ninell+P.+Mortensen%2C+Jason+D.+Fowlkes%2C+Claretta+J.+Sullivan%2C+David+P.+Allison%2C+Niels+B.+Larsen%2C+S%C3%B8ren+Molin+and+Mitchel+J.&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.pages=3728%E2%80%933733&amp;rft.issn=0743-7463&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fla803898g&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19227989&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="J,_Milne_RW,_Nation_RL,_et_al.2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Li_J,_Milne_RW,_Nation_RL,_et_al.2004">Li J, Milne RW, Nation RL, <i>et al.</i>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulphonate and colistin in rats following an intravenous dose of colistin methanesulphonate</cite>&nbsp;», <i>J Antimicrob Chemother.</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;53, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;5,‎ <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">837–40</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044428">15044428</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh167">10.1093/jac/dkh167</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+of+colistin+methanesulphonate+and+colistin+in+rats+following+an+intravenous+dose+of+colistin+methanesulphonate&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Antimicrob+Chemother.&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.au=Li+J%2C+Milne+RW%2C+Nation+RL%2C+%27%27et+al.%27%27&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.volume=53&amp;rft.pages=837%E2%80%9340&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkh167&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15044428&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="J,_Milne_RW,_Nation_RL,_et_al.2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Li_J,_Milne_RW,_Nation_RL,_et_al.2003">Li J, Milne RW, Nation RL, <i>et al.</i>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography To Study the Pharmacokinetics of Colistin Sulfate in Rats following Intravenous Administration</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Antimicrob Agents Chemother</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;47, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;5,‎ <time>2003</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">1766–70</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12709357">12709357</a></span>, <a href="PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/153303">153303</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.5.1766-1770.2003">10.1128/AAC.47.5.1766-1770.2003</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Use+of+High-Performance+Liquid+Chromatography+To+Study+the+Pharmacokinetics+of+Colistin+Sulfate+in+Rats+following+Intravenous+Administration&amp;rft.jtitle=Antimicrob+Agents+Chemother&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.au=Li+J%2C+Milne+RW%2C+Nation+RL%2C+%27%27et+al.%27%27&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.volume=47&amp;rft.pages=1766%E2%80%9370&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FAAC.47.5.1766-1770.2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12709357&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="J.2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Li_J.2005">Li J., «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Difficulty in assaying colistin methanesulphonate</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Clinical microbiology and infection</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;11, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;9,‎ <time>2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">773-774</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16104997">16104997</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16104997">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-html" title="Fichier au format Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)">[html]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-30" data-sort-value="2013-05-30">30 mai 2013</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Difficulty+in+assaying+colistin+methanesulphonate&amp;rft.jtitle=Clinical+microbiology+and+infection&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.aulast=J.&amp;rft.aufirst=Li&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.pages=773-774&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16104997&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F%3Fterm%3D16104997&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AO,_Luz_DAM,_Tognim_MCB,_Sader_HS,_and_Gales_AC2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Reis_AO,_Luz_DAM,_Tognim_MCB,_Sader_HS,_and_Gales_AC2003">Reis AO, Luz DAM, Tognim MCB, Sader HS, and Gales AC, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Polymyxin-Resistant Acinetobacter spp. Isolates: What Is Next?</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Emerg Infect Dis</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;9,‎ <time>2003</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">1025–7</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Polymyxin-Resistant+Acinetobacter+spp.+Isolates%3A+What+Is+Next%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Emerg+Infect+Dis&amp;rft.au=Reis+AO%2C+Luz+DAM%2C+Tognim+MCB%2C+Sader+HS%2C+and+Gales+AC&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.pages=1025%E2%80%937&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Towner-9"><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Towner2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Towner K J, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Acinetobacter Molecular Biology</cite>, Caister Academic Press, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">978-0-306-43902-5</span> et <span class="nowrap">0-306-43902-6</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horizonpress.com/hsp/abs/absacineto.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, «&nbsp;Molecular Basis of Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter spp.&nbsp;»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Acinetobacter+Molecular+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=Molecular+Basis+of+Antibiotic+Resistance+in+Acinetobacter+spp.&amp;rft.pub=Caister+Academic+Press&amp;rft.au=Towner+K+J&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-306-43902-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr><span class="ouvrage" id="Autorité_de_santé2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Haute_Autorité_de_santé2008">Haute Autorité de santé, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/application/pdf/2008-12/colimycine_-_ct-4947.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Avis sur les Médicaments&nbsp;: Colimycine</cite></a>&nbsp;», <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-11-26" data-sort-value="2008-11-26">26 novembre 2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-30" data-sort-value="2013-05-30">30 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="M,_Zucker_G,_Cohen_S_and_Alkan_M2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Benifla_M,_Zucker_G,_Cohen_S_and_Alkan_M2004">Benifla M, Zucker G, Cohen S and Alkan M, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Successful treatment of Acinetobacter meningitis with intrathecal polymyxin</cite>&nbsp;», <i>J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;54, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;1,‎ <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">290–293</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15190037">15190037</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh289">10.1093/jac/dkh289</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Successful+treatment+of+Acinetobacter+meningitis+with+intrathecal+polymyxin&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.au=Benifla+M%2C+Zucker+G%2C+Cohen+S+and+Alkan+M&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.volume=54&amp;rft.pages=290%E2%80%93293&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkh289&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15190037&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="et_al.,Esen2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yagmur_et_al.,F_Esen2006">Yagmur et al., et F <span class="nom_auteur">Esen</span>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Intrathecal colistin for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventriculitis: report of a case with successful outcome</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Critical Care</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;10, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;6,‎ <time>2006</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;428 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17214907">17214907</a></span>, <a href="PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1794456">1794456</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc5088">10.1186/cc5088</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Intrathecal+colistin+for+treatment+of+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+ventriculitis%3A+report+of+a+case+with+successful+outcome&amp;rft.jtitle=Critical+Care&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.au=Yagmur+et+al.%2C&amp;rft.au=Esen%2C+F&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.pages=428&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fcc5088&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17214907&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="et_al.,CharraHachimiNejmi2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Motaouakkil_et_al.,B_CharraA_HachimiH_Nejmi2006">Motaouakkil et al.,, B <span class="nom_auteur">Charra</span>, A <span class="nom_auteur">Hachimi</span>, H <span class="nom_auteur">Nejmi</span>, A <span class="nom_auteur">Benslama</span>, N <span class="nom_auteur">Elmdaghri</span>, H <span class="nom_auteur">Belabbes</span> et M <span class="nom_auteur">Benbachir</span>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Colistin and rifampicin in the treatment of nosocomial infections from multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Journal of Infection</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;53, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;4,‎ <time>2006</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">274–278</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16442632">16442632</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.019">10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.019</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Colistin+and+rifampicin+in+the+treatment+of+nosocomial+infections+from+multiresistant+Acinetobacter+baumannii&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infection&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.au=Motaouakkil+et+al.%2C&amp;rft.au=Charra%2C+B&amp;rft.au=Hachimi%2C+A&amp;rft.au=Nejmi%2C+H&amp;rft.au=Benslama%2C+A&amp;rft.au=Elmdaghri%2C+N&amp;rft.au=Belabbes%2C+H&amp;rft.au=Benbachir%2C+M&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=53&amp;rft.pages=274%E2%80%93278&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jinf.2005.11.019&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16442632&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="et_al.,ParamythiotouSamonisKarabinis2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Karakitsos_et_al.,E_ParamythiotouG_SamonisA_Karabinis2006">Karakitsos et al.,, E <span class="nom_auteur">Paramythiotou</span>, G <span class="nom_auteur">Samonis</span> et A <span class="nom_auteur">Karabinis</span>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Is intraventricular colistin an effective and safe treatment for post-surgical ventriculitis in the intensive care unit?</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;50, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;10,‎ <time>2006</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">1309–1310</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17067336">17067336</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01126.x">10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01126.x</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Is+intraventricular+colistin+an+effective+and+safe+treatment+for+post-surgical+ventriculitis+in+the+intensive+care+unit%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Acta+Anaesthesiol+Scand.&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.au=Karakitsos+et+al.%2C&amp;rft.au=Paramythiotou%2C+E&amp;rft.au=Samonis%2C+G&amp;rft.au=Karabinis%2C+A&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.pages=1309%E2%80%931310&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1399-6576.2006.01126.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17067336&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">
<span class="ouvrage" id="Euzéby2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._Euzéby2006">J. Euzéby, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bacteriologie.net/generale/resistancenaturelle.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résistances naturelles aux antibiotiques des principales espèces bactériennes d’intérêt médical</cite></a>&nbsp;», Abrégé de Bactériologie Générale et Médicale à l'usage des étudiants de l'Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-01" data-sort-value="2006-01">janvier 2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-30" data-sort-value="2013-05-30">30 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">EMA (2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2016/07/news_detail_002579.jsp&amp;mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1"><i>Countries should reduce use of colistin in animals to decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance</i></a> – European Medicines Agency</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">EMA 2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/press/news/160727a"><i>L’EMA préconise de réduire l'utilisation de colistine chez les animaux</i></a>, 27 juillet 2016</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="ME,_Fragoulis_KN,_Kasiakou_SK,_Sermaidis_GJ,_Michalopoulos_A2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Falagas_ME,_Fragoulis_KN,_Kasiakou_SK,_Sermaidis_GJ,_Michalopoulos_A2005">Falagas ME, Fragoulis KN, Kasiakou SK, Sermaidis GJ, Michalopoulos A, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Nephrotoxicity of intravenous colistin: a prospective evaluation</cite>&nbsp;», <i>International journal of antimicrobial agents</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;26, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;6,‎ <time>2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">504-507</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280245">16280245</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16280245">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-html" title="Fichier au format Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)">[html]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-30" data-sort-value="2013-05-30">30 mai 2013</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Nephrotoxicity+of+intravenous+colistin%3A+a+prospective+evaluation&amp;rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+antimicrobial+agents&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.au=Falagas+ME%2C+Fragoulis+KN%2C+Kasiakou+SK%2C+Sermaidis+GJ%2C+Michalopoulos+A&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.pages=504-507&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16280245&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F%3Fterm%3D16280245&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="H,_Jacobs_R,_Van_Gorp_V,_Troubleyn_J,_Honoré_PM2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Spapen_H,_Jacobs_R,_Van_Gorp_V,_Troubleyn_J,_Honoré_PM2011">Spapen H, Jacobs R, Van Gorp V, Troubleyn J, Honoré PM, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Renal and neurological side effects of colistin in critically ill patients</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Annals of intensive care</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;1, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;1,‎ <time>2011</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;14 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&nbsp;<span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21906345">21906345</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21906345">lire en ligne</a> [htlm], consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-30" data-sort-value="2013-05-30">30 mai 2013</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Renal+and+neurological+side+effects+of+colistin+in+critically+ill+patients&amp;rft.jtitle=Annals+of+intensive+care&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.au=Spapen+H%2C+Jacobs+R%2C+Van+Gorp+V%2C+Troubleyn+J%2C+Honor%C3%A9+PM&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.pages=14&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21906345&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F%3Fterm%3D21906345&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AColistine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
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